Introduction

There are three methods of suspending:

Hibernate (suspend to disk)

Saves the machine's state into swap space and completely powers off the machine. When the machine is powered on, the state is restored. Until then, there is zero power consumption.

Sleep (suspend to RAM)

Works by cutting off power to most parts of the machine aside from the RAM, which is required to restore the machine's state. Because of the large power savings, it is advisable for laptops to automatically enter this mode when the computer is running on batteries and the lid is closed (or the user is inactive for some time).

Suspend to both

A hybrid of the aforementioned methods. Saves the machine's state into swap space, but does not power off the machine. Instead, it invokes usual suspend to RAM. Therefore, if the battery is not depleted, the system can resume from RAM. If the battery is depleted, the system can be resumed from disk, which is much slower than resuming from RAM, but the machine's state has not been lost.

Hibernation

To be able to use hibernation you should do:

Uncomment all parameters in Sleep section in file /etc/elogind/logind.conf.

# /etc/elogind/logind.conf

[Sleep]
AllowSuspend=yes
AllowHibernation=yes
AllowSuspendThenHibernate=yes
AllowHybridSleep=yes
AllowPowerOffInterrupts=no
BroadcastPowerOffInterrupts=yes
AllowSuspendInterrupts=no
BroadcastSuspendInterrupts=yes
HandleNvidiaSleep=no
SuspendState=mem standby freeze
SuspendMode=deep
HibernateState=disk
HibernateMode=platform shutdown
HybridSleepState=disk
HybridSleepMode=suspend platform shutdown
HibernateDelaySec=10800

Add resume hook after udev in file /etc/mkinitcpio.conf.

# /etc/mkinitcpio.conf

HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block filesystems keyboard resume fsck)

The reason why after udev because the swap partition is referred to with a udev device node, so the resume hook must go after the udev hook.

Then regenerate the initramfs for these changes to take effect.

sudo mkinitcpio -p linux

Add resume kernel parameter.

You Need to check what is UUID of your swap partition.

$ lsblk -fs

NAME  FSTYPE  LABEL  UUID                                  MOUNTPOINTS
. . . SOME OUTPUT . . .
sda3  swap    SWAP   5b069c37-9ece-41cf-abf6-74b9d35758ac  [SWAP]
└─sda
. . . MORE OUTPUT . . .

So resume=UUID=5b069c37-9ece-41cf-abf6-74b9d35758ac.

Now lets use it and put it in /etc/default/grub.

# /etc/default/grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="resume=UUID=5b069c37-9ece-41cf-abf6-74b9d35758ac"

The kernel parameters will only take effect after rebooting. To be able to hibernate right away, obtain the volume's major and minor device numbers from lsblk:

lsblk --include=8


NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda       8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk
... output ...
├─sda3    8:3    0    10G  0 part [SWAP]
... more output ...

And echo them in format major:minor to /sys/power/resume.

echo 8:3 > /sys/power/resume

If using a swap file refere to archwiki

And then regenerate grub.cfg via:

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

And finally test your setup:

loginctl hibernate

Sleep

loginctl suspend

Hybrid Sleep (suspend to both)

loginctl hybrid-sleep

Suspend then hibernate

Suspend the system and hibernate it after the delay specified in logind.conf.

loginctl suspend-then-hibernate